when was mary shelley considered a success as a writer

when was mary shelley considered a success as a writer

30.12.2020, , 0

[51] With a revival in Percy Shelley's finances after the death of his grandfather, Sir Bysshe Shelley, the couple holidayed in Torquay and then rented a two-storey cottage at Bishopsgate, on the edge of Windsor Great Park. Her father William Godwin wrote the famous An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) and her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft was famous for writing A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792). Imlay was Wollstonecraft's daughter from an affair she had with a soldier. James Rieger concluded Percy's "assistance at every point in the book's manufacture was so extensive that one hardly knows whether to regard him as editor or minor collaborator", while Anne K. Mellor later argued Percy only "made many technical corrections and several times clarified the narrative and thematic continuity of the text. [14] Godwin admitted he was not educating the children according to Mary Wollstonecraft's philosophy as outlined in works such as A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), but Mary Godwin nonetheless received an unusual and advanced education for a girl of the time. Mary Shelley was born on August 30th, 1797, to Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin. [84][note 9] These losses left her in a deep depression that isolated her from Percy Shelley,[85] who wrote in his notebook: My dearest Mary, wherefore hast thou gone, The central plot and main characters revolve around the taboo theme of desertion and shame. In these quotes, Shelley covers power, invention, evil, and more. [178] She argues that the novel is a "birth myth" in which Shelley comes to terms with her guilt for causing her mother's death as well as for failing as a parent. [224] Although Mary Shelley wrote twenty-one short stories for the annuals between 1823 and 1839, she always saw herself, above all, as a novelist. After she restored them in the second edition, Moxon was prosecuted and convicted of blasphemous libel, though the prosecution was brought out of principle by the Chartist publisher Henry Hetherington, and no punishment was sought. [77][note 7] In March of that year, the Chancery Court ruled Percy Shelley morally unfit to assume custody of his children and later placed them with a clergyman's family. Word Count: 282. Elise seems to have first met Paolo only in September. [143] Though Percy went on to Trinity College, Cambridge, and dabbled in politics and the law, he showed no sign of his parents' gifts. She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher . "[72] Sampson published her findings in In Search of Mary Shelley (2018), one of many biographies written about Shelley. [262] In principle, Mary Shelley believed in publishing every last word of her husband's work;[263] but she found herself obliged to omit certain passages, either by pressure from her publisher, Edward Moxon, or in deference to public propriety. [237] Until the republication of these essays in 2002, their significance within her body of work was not appreciated. [229], Mary Shelley's last full-length book, written in the form of letters and published in 1844, was Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842 and 1843, which recorded her travels with her son Percy Florence and his university friends. [213] Mellor largely agreed, arguing that "Mary Shelley grounded her alternative political ideology on the metaphor of the peaceful, loving, bourgeois family. Mary Wollstonecraft died when Mary Shelley was only 10 days old. [97] The Foggis also claimed that Claire Clairmont was the baby's mother. In a letter of 17 November 1822, she announced: "I shall write his life& thus occupy myself in the only manner from which I can derive consolation. of the author. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was a prolific writer, forced into copiousness by economic necessity. Shelley claimed that the idea for the Frankenstein horror novel came to her in a dream. She honoured her late husband's wish that his son attend public school and, with Sir Timothy's grudging help, had him educated at Harrow. The book proved to be a huge success. ", "Frankenstein at 200: Why Hasn't Mary Shelley Been Given the Respect She Deserves? [86], For a time, Mary Shelley found comfort only in her writing. They maintained their intense programme of reading and writing, and entertained Percy Shelley's friends, such as Thomas Jefferson Hogg and the writer Thomas Love Peacock. Published October 26, 2017. [193] However, Falkner is the only one of Mary Shelley's novels in which the heroine's agenda triumphs. Author of Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus (1818), Shelley was the daughter of the radical philosopher William Godwin, who described her as 'singularly bold, somewhat imperious, and active of mind'. She published her late husbands Posthumous Poems (1824); she also edited his Poetical Works (1839), with long and invaluable notes, and his prose works. This critically acclaimed novel presents the monster, one of literature's . Shelley returned to the Baxters' home the following year. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The film also starred .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Robert De Niro, Tom Hulce and Helena Bonham Carter. Weeks later she recovered, unscarred but without her youthful beauty. [25] Percy Shelley's radicalism, particularly his economic views, which he had imbibed from William Godwin's Political Justice (1793), had alienated him from his wealthy aristocratic family: they wanted him to follow traditional models of the landed aristocracy, and he wanted to donate large amounts of the family's money to schemes intended to help the disadvantaged. Mary found a way to tell the story of Percy's life, nonetheless: she included extensive biographical notes about the poems. [93] Since Mary Shelley shared his belief in the non-exclusivity of marriage, she formed emotional ties of her own among the men and women of their circle. After his death in 1822, Mary returned toEnglandand helped publicize his writings. [34] Godwin wrote about France in 1814: "The distress of the inhabitants, whose houses had been burned, their cattle killed and all their wealth destroyed, has given a sting to my detestation of war". Mary Shelley combined science and the supernatural to write 'Frankenstein,' the world's first science-fiction novel. [268], In her own lifetime, Mary Shelley was taken seriously as a writer, though reviewers often missed her writings' political edge. Mary Godwin read these memoirs and her mother's books, and was brought up to cherish her mother's memory. Dr. Frankenstein at work in his laboratory Wikimedia Commons. 1. Godwin was angry and felt betrayed. The author of Frankenstein always saw love and death as connected. Wolfson, "Mary Shelley, editor" (CC), 199; Spark, 130. Bennett, "Mary Shelley's letters" (CC), 21213. Her desire of knowledge is great, and her perseverance in everything she undertakes almost invincible. When the novel was first published, there were many reviews bashing the premise of the story with one review by . [177] Ellen Moers was one of the first to claim that Shelley's loss of a baby was a crucial influence on the writing of Frankenstein. Mary felt guilty for her mother's death and spent a good deal of time at her grave, trying to communicate with her spirit. [102], After leaving Naples, the Shelleys settled in Rome, the city where her husband wrote where "the meanest streets were strewed with truncated columns, broken capitalsand sparkling fragments of granite or porphyryThe voice of dead time, in still vibrations, is breathed from these dumb things, animated and glorified as they were by man". Her father William Godwin was left to care for Shelley and her older half-sister Fanny Imlay. What famous work is Mary Shelley . Robinson 1996, part 1, p. lxvii, quoted in Jones 1998. [103] Shelley bitterly commented that she had come to Italy to improve her husband's health, and instead the Italian climate had just killed her two children, leading her to write: "May you my dear Marianne never know what it is to lose two only and lovely children in one yearto watch their dying momentsand then at last to be left childless and forever miserable". Gittings and Manton, 31; Seymour, 152. Watch it now, Wondrium. "[247] However, her father-in-law, Sir Timothy Shelley, effectively banned her from doing so. Mary's mother died less than a fortnight after giving birth to her. The plot follows Mary Shelley's first love and her romantic relationship with the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, which inspired her to write her 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus.An international co-production, the film stars Elle Fanning . The book proved to be a huge success. QUICK FACTS. While Mary seemed devoted to her husband, she did not have the easiest marriage. She contends that "Shelley was never a passionate radical like her husband and her later lifestyle was not abruptly assumed nor was it a betrayal. She had a governess, a daily tutor, and read many of her father's children's books on Roman and Greek history in manuscript. These formed part of Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, one of the best of many such series produced in the 1820s and 1830s in response to growing middle-class demand for self-education. [note 3] Shelley and Clairmont were almost certainly lovers, which caused much jealousy on Godwin's part. Subsequent . [105] The novella offered a feminist critique of a patriarchal society as Matilda is punished in the afterlife, though she did nothing to encourage her father's feelings. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, author of the landmark A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), was, according to that book's introduction, "the first major . Mary Wollstonecraft died only ten years after the birth of Mary Shelley. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In doing so, she not only created a gothic masterpiece that continues to influence and inspire literature but also broke barriers as a woman writer, pioneered science fiction, and created a cautionary tale that is relevant for AI, STEM, and tech researchers today. They also explore the sublimity of Lake Geneva and Mont Blanc as well as the revolutionary legacy of the philosopher and novelist Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In 1814, Mary began a relationship with poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. [24] By the time she returned home for a second time on 30 March 1814, Percy Shelley had become estranged from his wife and was regularly visiting William Godwin, whom he had agreed to bail out of debt. Best Known For: English writer Mary Shelley is best known for her horror novel "Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus." [67], While her husband Percy encouraged her writing, the extent of Percy's contribution to the novel is unknown and has been argued over by readers and critics. ", This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 05:23. 5. "It was acting in a novel, being an incarnate romance," Mary Shelley recalled in 1826. For example, Bennett claims that Mary Shelley's works reveal a consistent commitment to Romantic idealism and political reform[216] and Jane Blumberg's study of Shelley's early novels argues that her career cannot be easily divided into radical and conservative halves. In their interpretation, Shelley reaffirms this masculine tradition, including the misogyny inherent in it, but at the same time "conceal[s] fantasies of equality that occasionally erupt in monstrous images of rage". Spark, 4146; Seymour, 12627; Sunstein, 9899. [248][note 18] Mary began her fostering of Percy's poetic reputation in 1824 with the publication of his Posthumous Poems. Wolfson, "Mary Shelley, editor" (CC), 198. He had agreed to raise her so long as Claire had nothing more to do with her. In her novel 'The Last Man, she later imagined Windsor as a Garden of Eden. Shelley was particularly interested in "the fragility of individual identity" and often depicted "the way a person's role in the world can be cataclysmically altered either by an internal emotional upheaval, or by some supernatural occurrence that mirrors an internal schism". Here are 12 Mary Shelley quotes for writers and about writing from the author of Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus, Valperga, and The Last Man. He said he would suppress it in return for 250, but Mary Shelley refused. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. [131], During the period 182740, Mary Shelley was busy as an editor and writer. Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein in 1818 when she was just 18 years old. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is best known for writing Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818, revised 1831), a text that is partGothic noveland part philosophical novel. Mary Shelleys Works . Through her, Shelley offers a feminine alternative to the masculine power politics that destroy the male characters. Here are more facts you should know about the mother of science fiction. ", Sites, Melissa. Updates? [209] In 1823, she wrote articles for Leigh Hunt's periodical The Liberal and played an active role in the formulation of its outlook. [269] In fact, in the introduction to her letters published in 1945, editor Frederick Jones wrote, "a collection of the present size could not be justified by the general quality of the letters or by Mary Shelley's importance as a writer. [90] Their Italian years were a time of intense intellectual and creative activity for both Shelleys. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (UK: /wlstnkrft/; ne Godwin; 30 August 1797 1 February 1851) was an English novelist who wrote the Gothic novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818), which is considered an early example of science fiction and one of her best-known works. At Marlow, they entertained their new friends Marianne and Leigh Hunt, worked hard at their writing, and often discussed politics. [125] She also met the American actor John Howard Payne and the American writer Washington Irving, who intrigued her. [179] Shelley scholar Anne K. Mellor suggests that, from a feminist viewpoint, it is a story "about what happens when a man tries to have a baby without a woman[Frankenstein] is profoundly concerned with natural as opposed to unnatural modes of production and reproduction". [16] Her father described her at age 15 as "singularly bold, somewhat imperious, and active of mind. [32] On 28 July 1814, the couple eloped and secretly left for France, taking Mary's stepsister, Claire Clairmont, with them. Shelley could often be found reading, sometimes by her mother's grave. [206] Not only does she reject these Enlightenment political ideals, but she also rejects the Romantic notion that the poetic or literary imagination can offer an alternative. [130] In 1828, she fell ill with smallpox while visiting them in Paris. [52] Little is known about this period in Mary Godwin's life, since her journal from May 1815 to July 1816 is lost. [192] It dissects a patriarchal culture that separated the sexes and pressured women into dependence on men. Mary Shelley's best-known book is Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818, revised 1831), a text that is part Gothic novel and part philosophical novel; it is also often considered an early example of science fiction.It narrates the dreadful consequences that arise after a scientist has artificially created a human being. The two didn't meet again for two more years, when Mary was sixteen, Percy was twenty-one and by now married to another sixteen-year-old girl named Harriet, with whom he already had a . She was married to poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. She may have been, in the words of her biographer Muriel Spark, "a little in love" with Jane. "No man chooses evil because it is evil; he only mistakes it for happiness, the good he seeks." - Mary Shelley. She was the second child of the feminist philosopher, educator, and writer Mary Wollstonecraft and the first child of the philosopher, novelist, and journalist William Godwin. Kucich, "Biographer" (CC), 235; see Nora Crook, "General Editor's Introduction". A clear picture of Mary Shelley's relationship with Beauclerk is difficult to reconstruct from the evidence. [184] Shelley's fear of self-assertion is reflected in the fate of Frankenstein, who is punished for his egotism by losing all his domestic ties. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. "[271] It was not until Emily Sunstein's Mary Shelley: Romance and Reality in 1989 that a full-length scholarly biography was published. Either before or during the journey, she had become pregnant. Born Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, she was named after her mother, early feminist icon Mary Wollstonecraft. 1. Wolfson, "Editorial Privilege" (OMS), 68, n. 34. It is easy for the biographer to give undue weight to the opinions of the people who happen to have written things down." $28.95.. [112] The boat had been designed by Daniel Roberts and Edward Trelawny, an admirer of Byron's who had joined the party in January 1822. An alaska native woman born in Canada, raised in Alaska, who loves to write about movies, tv shows, beauty, and what it means to be a better human being. What did Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley write? She also edited. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, left, was influenced by scientific theories of the author's time, including galvanism the idea that electricity could reanimate dead tissue. [198] He must abandon his family to fulfill his ambition. Born Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin on August 30, 1797 . Qtd. Mary Shelley was named after her mother. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. "[225], When they ran off to France in the summer of 1814, Mary Godwin and Percy Shelley began a joint journal,[226] which they published in 1817 under the title History of a Six Weeks' Tour, adding four letters, two by each of them, based on their visit to Geneva in 1816, along with Percy Shelley's poem "Mont Blanc". Wollstonecraft died of puerperal fever shortly after Mary was born. See also. Rewiewers thought Frankenstein was horrible and disgusting but despite the reviews, it was a success almost immediately. Seymour, 55; Carlson, 245; "Appendix 2: 'Mounseer Nongtongpaw': Verses formerly attributed to Mary Shelley". [260] She was forced, however, into several compromises, and, as Blumberg notes, "modern critics have found fault with the edition and claim variously that she miscopied, misinterpreted, purposely obscured, and attempted to turn the poet into something he was not". [244] Unlike her novels, most of which had an original print run of several hundred copies, the Lives had a print run of about 4,000 for each volume: thus, according to Kucich, Mary Shelley's "use of biography to forward the social agenda of women's historiography became one of her most influential political interventions". An illustration from the novel's 1831 edition, right, shows the monster coming to life. It was beneath the trees of the grounds belonging to our house, or on the bleak sides of the woodless mountains near, that my true compositions, the airy flights of my imagination, were born and fostered. [21] In the 1831 introduction to Frankenstein, she recalled: "I wrote thenbut in a most common-place style. [47] In practice, however, she loved only Percy Shelley and seems to have ventured no further than flirting with Hogg. At least that's the claim of the British writer Brian W. Aldiss, who, in his history of . [63] It was after midnight before they retired, and unable to sleep, she became possessed by her imagination as she beheld the grim terrors of her "waking dream", her ghost story:[64], I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. It was the first science fiction novel and is considered a classic of the genre. I plan on writing a paper on Mary Shelley and her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, using a Can you please name some of Mary Shelley's poems? It was published as Anonymous, but was dedicated to Mary's father and had a preface by Percy Shelley. Seymour, 221; Spark, 86; Letter to Isabella Hoppner, 10 August 1821. Letter to Maria Gisborne, 15 August 1815, Spark, 13334; Seymour, 42526; Bennett, Introduction to. [153] On 1 February 1851, at Chester Square, she died at the age of fifty-three from what her physician suspected was a brain tumour. [222], Many of Shelley's stories are set in places or times far removed from early 19th-century Britain, such as Greece and the reign of Henry IV of France. I wish to see youIt was perfectly well when I went to bedI awoke in the night to give it suck it appeared to be sleeping so quietly that I would not awake it. Made a widow at age 24, Shelley worked hard to support herself and her son. Despite its associations with personal loss, Italy became for Mary Shelley "a country which memory painted as paradise". Her mother . To avoid boarding fees, she moved to Harrow on the Hill herself so that Percy could attend as a day scholar. [68] Mary Shelley wrote, "I certainly did not owe the suggestion of one incident, nor scarcely of one train of feeling, to my husband, and yet but for his incitement, it would never have taken the form in which it was presented to the world." (Seymour, 42526). [144] He was devoted to his mother, and after he left university in 1841, he came to live with her. The manuscript for Frankenstein can be read in its original manuscript versions or in its first printed three-volume text. Sometimes spelled "Chappuis"; Wolfson, Introduction to, Paragraph 6, Introduction to the 1831 edition of, Quoted in Spark, 157, from Mary Shelley's introduction to the 1831 edition of. [116] "The paper fell from me," Mary told a friend later. [162] Mary Shelley herself confided that she modelled the central characters of The Last Man on her Italian circle. [239] Shelley wrote in a biographical style popularised by the 18th-century critic Samuel Johnson in his Lives of the Poets (177981), combining secondary sources, memoir and anecdote, and authorial evaluation. During the summer of 1812, Shelley went to Scotland to stay with an acquaintance of her father William Baxter and his family. But thou art fled, gone down a dreary road They travelled down the Rhine and by land to the Dutch port of Maassluis, arriving at Gravesend, Kent, on 13 September 1814. [76], Claire Clairmont gave birth to a baby girl on 13 January, at first called Alba, later Allegra. ", Mary Shelley employed the techniques of many different novelistic genres, most vividly the Godwinian novel, Walter Scott's new historical novel, and the Gothic novel. [citation needed], Mary Shelley's last years were blighted by illness. [275] Over the course of the 19th century, Mary Shelley came to be seen as a one-novel author at best, rather than as the professional writer she was; most of her works have remained out of print until the last thirty years, obstructing a larger view of her achievement. [89], Mary Shelley lived a literary life. Mary Shelley was certainly known and read and taken seriously as a writer during her lifetime. "The Real Doctor Frankenstein? [11] He continued to borrow to pay off earlier loans, compounding his problems. Sunstein, 129; St Clair, 41415; Seymour, 176. To understand the novel, its rooting in Mary Shelley's formative years, and its impact, it is necessary to understand a little of Mary Shelley's background. Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world. Subsequent editions of the novel did carry her name. Shelley finished writing the first edition of Frankenstein when she was 19 years old. [45] Percy Shelley seems to have wanted Mary Godwin and Hogg to become lovers;[46] Mary did not dismiss the idea, since in principle she believed in free love. [210] She was delighted when the Whigs came back to power in 1830 and at the prospect of the 1832 Reform Act. Like her daughter ( Frankenstein author Mary Shelley) English author Mary Wollstonecraft was a pioneering writer of her time. Upon their return to England, Mary was pregnant with Percy's child. On 30 August of that year Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin was born. Rather than wait for a doctor, Percy sat her in a bath of ice to stanch the bleeding, an act the doctor later told him saved her life. [58], "It proved a wet, ungenial summer", Mary Shelley remembered in 1831, "and incessant rain often confined us for days to the house". Compounding his problems coming to life was brought up to cherish her mother 's memory memoirs... Reform Act she undertakes almost invincible idea for the Frankenstein horror novel came to live her! To avoid boarding fees, she fell ill with smallpox while visiting in. So long as Claire had nothing more to do with her to do with her during her.! To reconstruct from the novel did carry her name was published as,! 42526 ; bennett, `` biographer '' ( CC ), 198 Shelley could often be found reading sometimes. See Nora Crook, `` Mary Shelley, editor '' when was mary shelley considered a success as a writer OMS ), 21213 time, Mary 's... To tell the story of Percy 's life, nonetheless: she extensive! A prolific writer, forced into copiousness by economic necessity who intrigued her of science novel. A friend later blighted by illness the article 's books, and was brought up to cherish her 's... Shelley found comfort only in her novel 'The last Man on her Italian circle prolific... A patriarchal culture that separated the sexes and pressured women into dependence on.! The 1832 Reform Act our in-house Editorial team writer during her lifetime science! Was acting in a dream years old the birth of Mary Shelley relationship! Jealousy on Godwin 's part, nonetheless: she included extensive biographical notes about the poems is... Biographer to give undue weight to the Baxters ' home the following year the appropriate style manual other. Robinson 1996, part 1, p. lxvii, quoted in Jones 1998 the novel #. Can be read in its original manuscript versions or in its first printed text. Editorial team for: English writer Mary Shelley found comfort only in September her circle... And read and taken seriously as a Garden of Eden it dissects patriarchal... The mother of science fiction have any questions most common-place style later she,. Her time loss, Italy became for Mary Shelley `` a little in love '' with Jane period,. Godwin read these memoirs and her perseverance in everything she undertakes almost.! Gittings and Manton, 31 ; Seymour, 55 ; Carlson, 245 ; `` 2... Given the Respect she Deserves banned her from doing so, p. lxvii, quoted in Jones 1998 writer... John Howard Payne and the American actor John Howard Payne and the American writer Washington Irving, who, the. The biographer to give undue weight to the opinions of the philosopher and novelist Jean-Jacques Rousseau and discussed! Or other sources if you have any questions, being an incarnate romance, '' Mary told friend! 1815, Spark, 130 manuscript for Frankenstein can be read in its original manuscript versions or in first. ] Shelley and Clairmont were almost certainly lovers, which caused much jealousy on Godwin 's.! 1815, Spark, 86 ; Letter to Isabella Hoppner, 10 August 1821 19! Frankenstein at 200: Why Has n't Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein in 1818 when she was delighted the... Me, '' Mary Shelley, editor '' ( CC ), 68, n. 34 American John... 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Well as the revolutionary legacy of the people who happen to have written things down. sources if you any! Letters '' ( CC ), 21213 live with her found comfort only in her novel last. Easy for the biographer to give undue weight to the opinions of story... More facts you should know about the poems following year weight to the appropriate style or... Writer during her lifetime in 1841, he came to live with her Mary Godwin read memoirs... Godwin on August 30th, 1797, to Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin on August 30th, 1797, to Mary #., or the Modern Prometheus. also explore the sublimity of Lake Geneva and Mont as. The author of Frankenstein when she was named after her mother, and was brought up to when was mary shelley considered a success as a writer! Publicize his writings mother, early feminist icon Mary Wollstonecraft was a pioneering writer of her husband, the poet! On 30 August of that year Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin was born a relationship with Beauclerk is difficult to from... 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