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Another famous food inspired by the roses is rose jam – made from rose petals and sugar, boiled together until the right consistency is achieved. To make just 1 milligram of pure rose essential oil you need 50.000 individual petals (around 1500 rose flowers) which is the equivalent of around 3.5 kilograms (7-8 pounds) of rose petals. Bravo!” And don’t forget to wear old clothes as the rose thorns will be all over you. Its origin was by tradition the Middle East, but recent genetic tests indicate that it is a hybrid of R. moschata x R. gallica crossed with the pollen of Rosa fedtschenkoana, which indicates that a more probable origin is the foothills of central Asia, which is the home of its pollen parent. This tube was called бурия (buria). amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Afterwards, the rose petals are put in big baskets made of willow branches again and are transported to the rose processing plant. The roses are a light to moderate pink to light red. We missed the rose picking ritual part. This study designed to investigate the Production of Apple Mosaic Virus –free pear and Rosa damascena plants through tissue culture, to select the best growth. According to Gabrielle Turgut, 1680 was the year when rose distillation began in Bulgaria – in the beautiful Rose Valley. There is a long list of various tools used in each of these processes, some of which you can see in the Institute of Rose in Kazanlak and their museum. Experienced rose pickers say that roses give most rose oil when there is high humidity. The most popular use, however, is in the flavoring of desserts such as ice cream, jam, Turkish delights, rice pudding, yogurt, etc. wooden barrel filled with cold water which is used to cool the hot steam of the rose boiling barrel. rosa damascena callus culture extract extract of a culture of the callus cells of rosa damascena, rosaceae Supplier Sponsors. The hybrid is divided in two varieties:[3]. Cotes, 1640). They may be used to flavor food, as a garnish, as an herbal tea, and preserved in sugar as gulkand. 13 Cosmetics Ingredients containing ROSA DAMASCENA FLOWER WATER. In 1860, British scientists would conduct chemical tests in order to separate the real rose oil from the fakes. The ‘Hazard classification and labelling’ section shows the hazards of a substance based on the standardised system of statements and pictograms established under the CLP (Classification Labelling and Packaging) Regulation. The annual average of hired rose pickers was over 3000. This difference is due to the height of each valley and its temperature and humidity. Other local crafts such as carpet-making were changed by the rose and a new style of carpet and blanket weaving designs were created, called: alishta (алища) with the rose ornaments being at the core of the designs. A strain of cultured cells of Rosa damascena Mill. Did you know: Bulgaria produces close to half of the world’s rose oil and the ‘Bulgarian Rose Oil’ was patented in 1994. 2 The National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt 11:52 am, […] Roses are perhaps the main economy in this part of Bulgaria. 1. It is thought that cultivation of Rosa damascena originally developed in the Lyzangan Valley near Fars in Iran (Kiani et al 2008). A 1000 square meters of land with Rosa Damascena plants cost between 60-200 levs. INCI NAME: Rosa damascena Callus Culture Extract, Rosa rugosa Callus Culture Extract, Glycerin, Aqua. Rose farmers who have 2 to 3 thousand square meters of rose plantation gather their families and prepare to pick up roses by themselves while those with more roses to pick hire rose pickers and pay them per kilogram of roses picked. June 4, 2018 @ The amount of rose oil produced from the oil-bearing roses depends on the type of rose. and rose water from Rosa damascena is reviewed, as are cultural practices and current research programs. Rosa × damascena (D) damask rose Join the RHS today and get 12 months for the price of 9. On the other hand, the locals would ask what are the prices of the rose oil and would search for the commissioner who offers the best price. The bush has an informal shape. One of their secrets to success was to take off the boiling cauldron off the hot fire and afterwards continue boiling it on low heat fire. The rose oil produced from the special variety Rosa Damascena was used for women’s beauty products and perfumes. The rose picking period begins and lasts differently for the different regions. They are an ingredient in the Moroccan spice mixture denominated "ras el hanout". Pretty expensive, huh? Introduction. no GMO present. A shrub to about 7 ft high; stems and branches densely armed with curved prickles of various sizes, grading into stiff bristles. The Damask rose is a deciduous shrub growing to 2.2 metres (7 ft 3 in) tall, the stems densely armed with stout, curved prickles and stiff bristles. Rosa × damascena is optimally cultivated in hedge rows to help protect the blooms from wind damage and to facilitate harvesting them. Rainy weather prolongs the rose-picking process and therefore eases the labour of the rose pickers as the rose petals bloom gradually. In the old times, rose oil was produced through a simple, single distillation process which gave minuscule … Bulgaria and Turkey are the most prolific producers of rose oil from the different cultivars of Rosa × damascena. Rosa × damascena is a cultivated flower that is not found growing wild. it offers a subtle and sophisticated smell. France and India also contribute significantly to the world market. Seems like everyone wanted to test their entrepreneurial spirit or simply ensure their homes smell like roses throughout the year! The local producers would need years of experience in order to distinguish the original from the fake. Damask roses are used in cooking as a flavouring ingredient or spice. The flower petals are also edible. For efficient and large scale induction of roots in microshoots, a rooting vessel was designed and developed to facilitate the micropropagation protocol. Shoots of pear and Rosa damascena (Taif Rose) plants were kindly obtained from Taif region, Saudi Arabia kingdom. The Bulgarian Rosa Damascena has over 280 components thanks to the special climate and soil it is grown in, which makes its aroma, longevity and intricacy extremely precious and desired by the most famous perfume brands in the world. El-Sharnouby ME 1,2 *, Khattab Eman AH 3,4, Saqer S Alotaibi 1 and Haya Mohammed MA 5. Anti-aging Agents (2) The Rosa damascena Mill. Rosa Damascena Flower water is an aqueous solution of the steam of the distillate obtained from the flowers of the Damask Rose, Rosa damascena, Rosaceae 13. Now when you go on a rose picking event in the valley, the locals will be amazed and will say: “Wow, how did you know how to pick roses? Rosa damascena mill L., known as Gole Mohammadi in is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family flowers. amzn_assoc_design = "in_content"; Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in … It is cultivated for commercial use in an area in the vicinity of Kazanlak called the "Valley of Roses". The modern production of high quality rose oil (or rose otto) by using a double distillation method began in the 17th century. The list goes on and I am sure you will see how Rosa Damascena has changed the shape of Kazanlak and the Rose Valley when you visit it yourself. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "ate flower and individual island flowers", Gernot Katzer's Spice Dictionary - Damask Rose, Roses of Constantinople - Damask Rose Kazanlik, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_×_damascena&oldid=995729879, Articles needing additional references from July 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 16:02. Experience Culture: Traditional Tastes from Syria- Rosa Damascena shadi 15.03.2017 Amman , Food , Travel Tips One of the best experiences to participate in when visiting Jordan is trying the food. Throughout the 18th, 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, various western, Russian and Bulgarian explorers, writers and revolutionaries have mentioned the development and importance of the rose production in Bulgaria. Did you know: In 1886, the renown rose trading house “Kancho Shipkov” bought 92 984 vials of rose oil from various towns and villages across the Valley. The flowers are renowned for their fine fragrance, and are commercially harvested for rose oil (either "rose otto" or "rose absolute") used in perfumery and to make rose water and "rose concrete". It is considered an important type of Old Rose, and also important for its prominent place in the pedigree of many other types. The hybrid Rosa × centifolia is derived in part from Rosa × damascena, as are Bourbon, Portland and hybrid perpetual roses. Two weeks before the actual rose picking, the local farmers frantically fix the barrels for rose boiling, preparing a fireplace made of ‘red’ clay, buying rose oil bottles and flasks, digging ditches where cold water will flow from the local rivers in order to cool the hot steam of the rose processing. The most common roses grown for their rose otto in the Valley of Roses are: The way you pick a rosebud properly is using your thumb, index and middle fingers. amzn_assoc_title = "100% Organic Rose Oil Products:"; Kazanlak Rose Valley, Rose Festival Kazanlak, Andy Sadly, the huge increase of rose plantations in the early 20th century was reduced to 23% after the end of World War II. There were many who tried to produce fake rose oil in order to reap higher profits by diluting the rose oil with geranium oil, the percentage of which could go up to 30-40 as in some cases, everyone along the trading line would try to increase the amount of rose oil they possess. Known as the Damask Rose and Rose of Castile (and Gole Mohammadi in Iran), Rosa damascena, a member of the Rosaceae family, is a rose hybrid the flowers of which have been used for rose oil in perfume and for rosewater. The most city famous with this kind of flowers is Damascus, the capital of Syria, because it is the origin of it, and it takes it name from it. Global known Damask Rose's been grown there are two main areas: Turkey's Isparta province and region of Kazanluk in Bulgaria. You can almost feel the reason why the ancient Thracian tribes have decided to place their valley of Thracian kings inside the Valley of Roses, but let us not get distracted, I will write more about our Thracian heritage in another article! In the old times, rose oil was produced through a simple, single distillation process which gave minuscule amounts of rose oil – the most desired scent in ancient times. amzn_assoc_default_search_phrase = "organic rose oil"; Chicken with rose is a popular dish in Persian cuisine. [citation needed]. Another important trick is to not let any steam out which would decrease the amount of oil produced. In the early 20th century, out of 479 farmers, 427 grew Rosa Damascena in addition to the usual crops. John Parkinson (1567–1650) was an English herbalist and botanist. Many more rose varieties are known, e. g., alba roses, which are probably hybrids of Rosa damascena with the central European wild species Rosa canina. The rose picking begins at 4 o’clock in the morning and usually ends at 10 AM because the rose petals picked in the afternoon have 50% less rose oil concentrate in them. The Damascena Rose is one of the specific crop of the magnificent Valley of Dades. Rosa damascena, also called damask roses, can be traced to Asia Minor. There were many social, economic and cultural changes due to the vast development of rose oil production. EC Number: 290-260-3 EC Name: Rose, Rosa damascena, ext. The Damask rose of Morocco, is delicate and exceptional. Rosa damascena mill L., known as Gole Mohammadi in Iran is one of the most important species of. The French Crusader Robert de Brie, who took part in the Siege of Damascus in 1148 at the second crusade, is sometimes credited for bringing the Damask rose from Syria to Europe. December 12, 2019 @ Following an old tradition, the rose pickers put the first rose petal in the hair behind their ears. CAS Number: 90106-38-0 IUPAC Name: Absolute of Rosa Damascena (Rosaceae) obtained from fresh rose flowers by extraction with an apolar solvent followed by an extraction with ethanol The relatively small flowers grow in groups. Before growing and trading with Rosa Damascena products, Bulgarians living in the Kazanlak and Karlovo valleys would grow various types of fruits and vegetables, craft different tools, and cloth, herd cattle and trade with neighbour regions. The favourable climate for growing Damask Rose has marked the development of the processing and perfume industries in Bulgaria, which later lead to the international denomination of Bulgaria as the Rose Country. The roses have a fascinating history […], Your email address will not be published. Did you know: the small vials where rose oil is stored, ready for sale, is called мускал (muskal) and it comes in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 grams variations. India has also developed an industry producing rose oil, both "Rose Attar" and "Rose Absolutes", as well as "Rose Concrete". Kazanlak is the Cashmere of Europe, a Turkish Gullestan*.”, *Gullestan from Turkish means ‘rose valley‘ or ‘land of roses‘. Planting, hoeing, earing,  rose picking, transportation, taxes and even a 5% interest. Clothing changed to city fashion even in the villages, The development of coppersmithing,  tinkering, barrel making, basketry. The international relations of the bigger rose oil trading and producing companies would introduce new etiquette and cultural trends taken from other countries. plant was brought to Bulgaria in the early 17th century. For example, a typical Bulgarian method would be to have a metal tube which is put in an 80×80 cm. It is a unique region, where nature and the climatic conditions are most suitable for cultivation of roses and a wide range of essential oil yielding plants. In cazul in care trandafirii nu … Rosa Damascena (or Damask Rose) has a long history with origins as far as Ancient Persia. The predominant soil in the region is cinnamon-forest soil which is always mixed with sand and rubble, with some formed alluvial soil types and subtypes created by the accumulation of river mineralization. Rosa damascena (other common names: damask rose, summer damask rose). Everything is checked and double-checked because when the rose processing begins it goes on 24/7 and there is no time for any extra work. Isparta is located in southwest Turkey and it is known as "City of Roses" at altitude of 1035m. 'Celsiana' is a flowering semi-double variety. Other accounts state that the ancient Romans brought it to their colonies in England, and a third account is that the physician of King Henry VIII gifted him one circa 1540. Did you know: a kilogram of rose petals in 1900 cost 0.15 levs, in 1919 – 0.6 levs and i the 1930s – 20-25 levs. rosa damascena phytoplacenta culture extract extract of a culture of the phytoplacenta of rosa damascena, rosaceae Supplier Sponsors. The famous rose trader Ganyo Somov from Enina village would put rose vials in his belt and would travel to international fairs and exhibitions, trying to find the best price he can get. In fact, trading with fake rose oil dates back to ancient times, seems everyone wanted to get their hands on this golden elixir. [8], The flower, known in Hawaiian as Lokelani, is the official flower of the Island of Maui.[9]. We just arrived yesterday June 3rd but only could see the parade on the street of kazanlak. Rosa Damascena Extract is an extract of the rose, Rosa damascena. For centuries, the Rose Valley has been a rose-growing area of great importance. Whole flowers, or petals, are also used in the herbal tea "zuhurat". For example, compared to the Turkish rose oil producers, Bulgarian producers make 40 to 86 vials to the 14 to 53 Vials of their Turkish neighbours. There are various notes of local producers who have met various traders abroad who tried to sell them fake rose oil for half the price. Rosa × damascena is a cultivated flower that is not found growing wild. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; If there is anything else you want to know about the history of rose oil production in Bulgaria, leave a comment and I’ll try to answer as soon as I can. The Valley is surrounded by mountains which protect it from unfavourable winds, there is a river or a spring flowing through each little village, providing enough water not only for the growth of Rosa Damascena but for a variety of other flowers used in cosmetics and medicine as well. ACTIVE MATTER: 50%. The roses are still grown by the small family farms but the flowers are brought to stills established and regulated by the cooperative for distillation and quality control. Rosa damascena Damask Rose. Rose, Rosa damascena, ext. June 5, 2018 @ It is reported that roses have been cultivated in the area since Roman times. Today, the rose is one of the symbols of Bulgaria and attracts visitors from all over the world, especially from Japan where the rose is also culturally important. The rose pickers pick the rose petals in special, willow branch baskets as the willow does not soak the dew of the rose petals. In order to find out if any rose plants were frostbitten, the locals would pick a number of branches, stick them in potatoes and leave them behind their stoves for a few days, the ratio between fresh and dry branches would show whether they should hire more or fewer rose pickers. Other producers are Afghanistan and Chile. If the weather is sunny and dry, the rose-picking could go on for more than 10 hours each day and the rose petals are stored under shelters where they are sprayed with water as the farmers can not keep up with the rose boiling. Beyond being known for its heady fragrance, the Damask rose has long been used for rose oil or “attar of roses”, and is commonly used to flavour food and make rose water. RECOMMENDED DOSAGE: 1 – 5%. Furthermore, there are hundred-leaved roses (Rosa centifolia), most popular in Provence, which derived from Rosa gallica by hybridization with another type, probably alba. While families still operate their own small distilleries and produce what is denominated "village oil", the commercialization of rose oil as a high quality product is carefully regulated by a state cooperative in the Isparta region of Turkey. Hold the rosebud and break it by pressing it upwards with your thumb. That is why it is so precious and is called ‘liquid gold’. The roses are gathered by hand and brought to a central location for steam distillation.

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